Carrington Rotation Numbers
A
Carrington Rotation
is a period of 27.3 days, representing one full
rotation of
the Sun as seen from the Earth. The
use of the numbers began on November 9,
1853 and continue to this day.
See the A.L.P.O. Solar Section
Ephemerides for the current rotation number:

Julian Date = is the absolute
count of days that have elapsed since Noon 1 January 4713 BC.
Heliographic coordinates =
The
latitude and longitude of a feature on the Sun's surface.
http://www.alpo-astronomy.org/solar/solephem.html